The uncomfortable truth about eye sunburn (and how to get relief)
Too much time in the sun can hurt more than skin — it can affect the eyes, too. Learn the signs of photokeratitis and how to find relief.
Spending too much time in the sun can lead to sunburned skin. But it can also lead to something less well-known: sunburned eyes.
This condition is called photokeratitis. It happens when the eyes are exposed to too much ultraviolet (UV) light. Like skin, UV rays can damage the eye’s surface (the cornea).
Photokeratitis is often temporary, but it can be painful. The good news? It usually goes away on its own, and there are simple ways to feel better faster.
What is photokeratitis?
Photokeratitis is like a sunburn, but instead of the skin, it affects the surface of the eye. It happens when UV rays damage the thin layer that covers the eye (the cornea).1
This condition can come from spending too much time in sunlight without sunglasses. It can also happen after using tanning beds. Or being near places where sunlight bounces off surfaces. This might include snow, water, sand or even pavement.1
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Common causes of photokeratitis
Photokeratitis can happen in many settings. Different types of UV light or environments may cause the condition. Some types include:
Snow blindness. This happens when sunlight reflects off snow, especially in high mountains or while skiing. The snow bounces the light into the eyes, causing damage.
Welder’s flash. People who weld metal may be exposed to bright UV light from the tools they use. Without proper eye protection, this can lead to photokeratitis.
Tanning-related photokeratitis. UV light from tanning beds or lamps can hurt the eyes if you don’t wear eye protection.
Even on cloudy days, UV rays can reach the eyes. This is why protection is important year-round.
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Symptoms of photokeratitis
The symptoms of photokeratitis can start a few hours after UV exposure. They may affect one or both eyes. Common symptoms include:2
- Feeling like something is in the eye (a gritty or sandy feeling)
- Red or bloodshot eyes
- Watery eyes
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain
- Swelling around the eyes
- Headaches
- Light sensitivity
- Temporary vision loss (in more serious cases)
The symptoms usually go away within 24 to 48 hours, but they can be very uncomfortable while they last.
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Photokeratitis treatment
Photokeratitis is temporary, but the discomfort can be intense. Here are some ways to find relief at home:1
- Stay indoors and away from bright lights until symptoms improve
- Use a cool compress over closed eyes to soothe pain and swelling
- Avoid rubbing the eyes, which can make irritation worse
- Wear sunglasses inside or in low light if your eyes feel sensitive.
- Use eye drops to keep your eyes moist and less itchy.
- Rest the eyes by avoiding screens, reading or bright environments
In more serious cases or if vision problems continue, it's important to see an eye care provider.
The best way to avoid photokeratitis is to protect the eyes from UV light. That includes wearing:
- Sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays
- A wide-brimmed hat to shade the eyes
- Protective goggles when using UV equipment (like tanning beds or welding tools)
- Ski goggles or wraparound sunglasses in snowy or high-altitude areas
Choosing sunglasses with proper UV protection is especially important, even on cloudy days or in winter.
Sources:
- What is Photokeratitis — Including Snow Blindness? American Academy of Ophthalmology, September 26, 2024
- Photokeratitis. Cleveland Clinic, November 7, 2023
